Argumentative Tattoo free essay sample

For a long time, tattoos have been looked downward on as identifiers of troublemakers and Jailbirds. Be that as it may, is the new age socially worthy with tattoos and other body adjustments? For what reason are managers asking whether potential representatives have tattoos or piercings, and does that have anything to do with their business execution? Individual appearance, as I would like to think, ought not have anything to do with the accessibility of a Job opening to a possible business; particularly when one is o qualified for that opening. Bosses inquire as to whether they have tattoos, and in the event that they do, they are required to give the area and size of the tattoo as though it has something to do with the way that the business will perform at work. I comprehend if an individual has a tattoo that is on the temple, or anything overwhelming, however not all people who have tattoos are applied so inadequately. As this age gradually keeps on tolerating more than what had been acknowledged once upon a time, tattoos are ontinuing to be applied to individuals of a wide range of ages and professions. We will compose a custom exposition test on Factious Tattoo or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The legitimate age to get a tattoo in most of our nation is 16, so with guardians who are indulgent with their kids, and let them do what they need can Daniel Harris Linda Knight ENG 111-HYI Tattoos in the Workplace For some years, tattoos have been looked downward on as identifiers of troublemakers and Jailbirds. Be that as it may, is the new age socially worthy with tattoos and other body changes? For what reason are managers asking whether conceivable mployees have tattoos or piercings, and does that have anything to do with their business execution? Individual appearance, as I would see it, ought not have anything to do with the accessibility of a Job opening to an expected manager; particularly when one is so equipped for that opening. Managers inquire as to whether they have tattoos, and in the event that they do, they are required to give the area and size of the tattoo as though it has something to do with the way that the business will perform at work. I comprehend if an individual has a tattoo that is on the brow, or anything overwhelming, yet not all people who have tattoos are applied so ineffectively. As this age gradually keeps on tolerating more than what had been acknowledged once upon a time, tattoos are proceeding to be applied to individuals of a wide range of ages and professions. The legitimate age to get a tattoo in most of our nation is 16, so with guardians who are permissive with their kids, and let them do what they need can Daniel Harris Linda Knight

Korean Pollution Essays - Air Pollution, Pollution, Pollutant

Korean Pollution Dangerous particles are circling inside our air flexibly. They are ?the most perilous for of air contamination.? These are minuscule particles of sediment and other issue discharged from diesel motors in lorries, transports, and mentors. They are accepted to have assumed a job in the unexpected losses of 8,000 individuals. Different contaminations known as GMM's are causing such harm. GMM's are hereditarily adjusted small scale life forms. These miniaturized scale life forms are discharged from industrial facilities and research facilities and go into the air, and water supplies. They are most hazardous to old, and as of now sick individuals. (McCarthy 1) Enormous billows of these particles were initially accepted to start in Britain, however considers show since they may likewise begin in mainland Europe. These enormous mists float over the English Channel, and into the North Sea., subsequently sullying the ocean. A portion of the fundamental toxins are as per the following: Benzene, 1,2-butadiene, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. There have been various objectives set to bring down the measure of these contaminations, anyway some aren't relied upon to be diminished until 2008. In this time numerous lives might be lost rashly. Britain, who is still accepted to be the essential supporter of such poisons is wanting to make a move, yet gradually, as yet keeping up that cleaning these contaminations is ?unachievable, regardless of whether each motor on British streets was killed.? We accept this is more hurtful than Britain acknowledges, and more activity must be taken. Such contaminations may execute creatures, and lower the food gracefully, particularly fish in the North Sea. Additional time and cash must be devoted to the prompt expulsion of such contaminants, and new emanations measures ought to be set. We might want the UN to put aside cash, for the sole motivation behind tidying up the North Sea, and killing a portion of these GMM's and other such poisons. Such harm to the earth can be felt all around and is a gigantic issue. (McCarthy 1) Reference index none

Finding Your Writing Voice

Finding Your Writing Voice Some rules are not meant to be broken. Some are. Many rules are pliable: they can be bent and manipulated and shaped to produce a desired outcome. The beautiful and terrifying job for the writer is he or she must determine which rules to bend, which rules to break, and which rules to adhere to. Sentence-ending prepositions. Split infinitives.  Double negatives. Sentence-beginning conjunctions.  Oxford commas. Sentence fragments. Compound conjunctions. One-sentence paragraphs. Run-on sentences. Compound contractions. Passive voice. Sentence adverbs. These are just a few of the many so-called rules Ive brokenâ€"and continue to breakâ€"over the years. (Hell, I break nearly all of them in this essay alone.) But the shattered rules lying on my cuttingroom floor have shaped my writing voice more than anything else. There are two ways to break a rule: knowingly and unknowingly. Its the latter that gets people into trouble. You see, ignorance of a rule is not an adequate excuse for breaking it. Thus, when we dont know the rules, we break them haphazardly, without cause, just because we dont know no better. When we do this, we usually look like fools. Good writers opt to mangle the rules all the time, though. Thats because good writing is fun and enjoyable, communicative and expressive, and it is  not meant to be read like a  freshman college assignment. (Can you think of a time when you looked forward to reading a fun and enjoyable freshman paper?) In my case, as auditory learner, Im a fairly auditory writer, which means that much of the syntax in my work takes on the brain-voice as you get closer to the consciousness of the author or a particular character because I want to preserve an oralish, tumbling-words, out-loud feel to the work. Hence, you might find omitted commas, run-on sentences, extreme use of polysyndeton, passive construction, progressive tenses, unconventional compound contractions (wouldntve, Idve, and yallrent), compound words that aren’t real words (“livingroom,” “coffeetable,” skinnydipping, “bumpersticker,” and the above-used cuttingroom), paragraphs beginning with compound conjunctions (“And but so”), and other intentional grammatical faux-pas in my writing. These stylistic devices are used to advance the narrative in a meaningful, more realistic way. That is, they are used for the readers benefit, not mine; they also help sculpt a unique writing voice. Stated in plain English: I basical ly pretty much write how I talk, and because I know which rules to bend, I can make it work well in prose. And but so the keyword here is intentional. If you know which rules to break, you can shape your own distinct writing voice and style.  If you know what youre doing, then its okay to employ a certain amount of grammatical prestidigitation. This is how a writer forms his or her voice. If you dont know what youre doing, though, youll likely do what I did for the better part of a decade: stumble over your keyboard each time you attempt to cobble together an arrogant, clever sentence. Ergo, my challenge to you: learn the rules, and then lets have fun breaking them together. You dont need my help to learn how to be a better writer, but if youd like my direction, I teach an online writing class: How to Write Better.

Finding Your Writing Voice

Finding Your Writing Voice Some rules are not meant to be broken. Some are. Many rules are pliable: they can be bent and manipulated and shaped to produce a desired outcome. The beautiful and terrifying job for the writer is he or she must determine which rules to bend, which rules to break, and which rules to adhere to. Sentence-ending prepositions. Split infinitives.  Double negatives. Sentence-beginning conjunctions.  Oxford commas. Sentence fragments. Compound conjunctions. One-sentence paragraphs. Run-on sentences. Compound contractions. Passive voice. Sentence adverbs. These are just a few of the many so-called rules Ive brokenâ€"and continue to breakâ€"over the years. (Hell, I break nearly all of them in this essay alone.) But the shattered rules lying on my cuttingroom floor have shaped my writing voice more than anything else. There are two ways to break a rule: knowingly and unknowingly. Its the latter that gets people into trouble. You see, ignorance of a rule is not an adequate excuse for breaking it. Thus, when we dont know the rules, we break them haphazardly, without cause, just because we dont know no better. When we do this, we usually look like fools. Good writers opt to mangle the rules all the time, though. Thats because good writing is fun and enjoyable, communicative and expressive, and it is  not meant to be read like a  freshman college assignment. (Can you think of a time when you looked forward to reading a fun and enjoyable freshman paper?) In my case, as auditory learner, Im a fairly auditory writer, which means that much of the syntax in my work takes on the brain-voice as you get closer to the consciousness of the author or a particular character because I want to preserve an oralish, tumbling-words, out-loud feel to the work. Hence, you might find omitted commas, run-on sentences, extreme use of polysyndeton, passive construction, progressive tenses, unconventional compound contractions (wouldntve, Idve, and yallrent), compound words that aren’t real words (“livingroom,” “coffeetable,” skinnydipping, “bumpersticker,” and the above-used cuttingroom), paragraphs beginning with compound conjunctions (“And but so”), and other intentional grammatical faux-pas in my writing. These stylistic devices are used to advance the narrative in a meaningful, more realistic way. That is, they are used for the readers benefit, not mine; they also help sculpt a unique writing voice. Stated in plain English: I basical ly pretty much write how I talk, and because I know which rules to bend, I can make it work well in prose. And but so the keyword here is intentional. If you know which rules to break, you can shape your own distinct writing voice and style.  If you know what youre doing, then its okay to employ a certain amount of grammatical prestidigitation. This is how a writer forms his or her voice. If you dont know what youre doing, though, youll likely do what I did for the better part of a decade: stumble over your keyboard each time you attempt to cobble together an arrogant, clever sentence. Ergo, my challenge to you: learn the rules, and then lets have fun breaking them together. You dont need my help to learn how to be a better writer, but if youd like my direction, I teach an online writing class: How to Write Better.

The Assassination of John F. Kennedy - 1076 Words

The assassination of John F. Kennedy is one of the most controversial and debated topics in American History. JFK was one of the most beloved presidents of our time. It was November 22, 1963 when JFK was assassinated. Unlike previous presidential assassinations, the JFK assassination is the most conspiracies of all time. The theories are the Government cover up, Mafia influence and Cuban President Fidel Castro. Imagine one person can do all this planning which Lee Harvey Oswald. There is no way that one man can do all this. Even though there are crazy theories that are out of this world, there are a number of logical theories that are true. Despite of the belief that Oswald killed JFK with a smart assassination plan, there are several conspiracies and Oswald did not act alone. President JFK was assassinated while riding through the streets of Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas. Many people now believe that his murder was a result of a conspiracy. In all the evidence added up it was proven 96.3% certainty that there were four shots fired from two different shooters. Many people believe that there was no way that Oswald had the time to fire all four shots, this shows that there is another one who shot it. The second conspiracy is the involvement of Mafia bosses. People in general believe what they see on the news or on the newspaper. Information keeps spreading around until someone realized it does not make sense and start knowing the truth. The problem is people don’t knowShow MoreRelatedThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy982 Words   |  4 Pages O’Reilly and Dugard’s book, Killing Kennedy, is about the events leading to President John F. Kennedy being shot, as well as what happened after the assassination. This book also describes the rise and fall of John F. Kennedy. The authors also wrote about the Cold War, Kennedy dealing with communism, and threats of crime. January of 1961, the cold war was growing stronger and Kennedy was struggling with communism. During all of this happening, he was learning what it meant to be a president. HeRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1620 Words   |  7 Pages Ever since the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963, there has been controversy over whether the true gunman was held accountable. The United States Government claimed that it was an easy, open and closed case. They found Lee Harvey Oswald, close to ground zero, with a freshly fired riffle, immediately after JFK was shot. Contrary to the governments report, skeptics argue a vast scope of conspiracies to shed light on what they believe happened that day; ideas ranging from magic bullets, multipleRead MoreThe Kennedy Assassinations By John F. Kennedy Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pages Decades later, the Kennedy assassinations and surrounding mysteries continue holding public interest. Although their notoriety as charismatic leaders is a significant contribution, other factors regarding societal psychology deserve consideration whilst exploring this phenomenon. With these events occurring during a time that allows living witnesses, modern accessible evidence, various media covera ge, and visible modern impact, the mysterious Kennedy assassinations have the capacity to encourageRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy Assassination1618 Words   |  7 PagesJohn F. Kennedy Assassination Was John F. Kennedy’s assassination a single shooter or was it a conspiracy? Since November 22, 1963 people around the world have wondered who it was that shot President Kennedy, and what for. So many questions have formed around this event, not just about who the shooter was, but also questions like what might the world have been like today if the shooting didn’t happen? The Kennedy assassination has been a mystery for many years. A lot of people hear about the differentRead MoreAssassination Of John F. Kennedy1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy â€Å"Our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this planet. We all breathe the same air. We all cherish our children’s future. And we are all mortal.† President Kennedy stated in his commencement speech at American University on June 10, 1963. John F. Kennedy was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 to his assassination in November 1963. There are numerous conspiracy theories involving Kennedy’s assassinationRead MoreAssassination of John F. Kennedy931 Words   |  4 PagesThe John F. Kennedy assassination is believed to be one of the most controversial and debated topics in American History. JFK was one of the most beloved presidents of our time. Other assassinations of presidents didn’t have as many Conspiracy theories compared to the JFK assassination on November 22nd, 1963. Some of the theories include a Government cover-up, Mafia influence, and Cuban President Fidel Castro (Stern). T he assassination of John F. Kennedy in Dallas, Texas, raised many questions thatRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1500 Words   |  6 PagesOn November 23, 1963, three shots were fired at President John F. Kennedy’s limousine in Dallas, Texas. The first shot went through the president’s neck, the second was the fatal shot that would ultimately end Kennedy’s life. There is a lot of speculation about what really took place in the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Many people believe that Lee Harvey Oswald worked alone, but there are many people across the nation who think differently. Many theories can both support and disprove that LeeRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesThe book I chose to read is The Assassination of John F. Kennedy by Lauren Spencer. It was published in 2002 by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. It contains 64 pages. This book not only provides information on the killing of President Kennedy, b ut also information on his life, the arrested murderer s life, and more interesting background information and details. This books main objective is to go deeper into the case of John F. Kennedy s assassination, to discuss personal information about suspectsRead MoreAssassination of John F Kennedy1119 Words   |  5 Pagessixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository Building. However, did Lee Harvey Oswald, a crazy lunatic act alone in the assassination of President Kennedy. Both first – hand knowledge and visual evidence allows people to re – examine the events of this day and prove that there were other gunmen involved in the bombardment of our youngest elected president. John F. Kennedy was depicted as a nationwide hero to many Catholics living in the U.S. during the early 1960’s. He was idolized by severalRead MoreThe Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe Assassination of John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated on November 22, 1963 at 12:30 p.m Central Standard Time in Dallas, Texas while riding in a motorcade in Dealey Plaza.[1] Kennedy was fatally shot by Lee Harvey Oswald while he was riding with his wife, Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally, and Connally s wife, Nellie, in a presidential motorcade. A ten-month investigation by the Warren Commission from November 1963 to September 1964

German Television in North America

German Fernsehen in the U.S. - a Brief History NEW! The German Kino Plus movie channel is now a part of the DISH German Package! Before we look at the current German-language TV programming via Dish Network, lets review its somewhat turbulent history... The history of German television in the U.S. has been a bumpy road. In the good ol days you needed to be living east of the Mississippi and have a huge satellite TV dish in order to receive any German-language TV in the U.S. at all. But then came the digital satellite TV revolution, and I wrote about the debut of privately-owned ChannelD (D for Deutschland) in September 2001. Not long after that the German public television networks ARD, ZDF, and Deutsche Welle began beaming their GERMAN TV service to viewers in North and South America, also via satellite. Their slogan: Watch what Germany watches! (Sehen, was Deutschland sieht!) Each sat TV service charged a modest monthly subscription fee and required the purchase or rental of a dish and digital receiver. Although the two German television broadcasters used two different satellites and two different digital TV systems, it was an embarassment of riches for German-hungry TV viewers in America. But it wasnt long before dark shadows began to loom over the German TV landscape in the U.S. About a year after its debut Bremen-based ChannelD went bankrupt and closed down in late 2002. GERMAN TV was more successful, but it was also having trouble getting enough subscribers, and its efforts to get onto major cable TV systems across the U.S. were spotty at best. But GERMAN TVs programming was pretty good. Even if we really couldnt watch anything close to what Germany was really watching, we did get the genuine nightly news from ARD and ZDF, plus some popular German TV series, some movies, and other entertainment programming. Then, in early 2005, came an important breakthrough. GERMAN TV moved to the Dish Network. Now average people who didnt want a separate dish and receiver just for German could simply add GERMAN TV to their Dish subscription. True, you needed a larger SuperDish antenna, but compared to the pre-Dish situation, it was a major improvement. And it got even better when the German private TV broadcaster ProSiebenSat.1 Welt was added to Dishs German package in February 2005. For about $20 a month you could get both German channels. (Recently, Dish added a third German channel: EuroNews. The current package fee is $16.99/month or $186.89 annually. Separately: $14.99 for ProSieben, $9.99 for DW-TV. Prices subject to change.) But all good things must come to an end. On December 31, 2005 came the Garaus (end) for GERMAN TV. The German government was no longer willing to subsidize the ARD/ZDF/DW service. At the start of 2006 GERMAN TV was replaced with the much more modest offerings of DW-TV. The Deutsche Welle TV service broadcasts mostly news and cultural programming on the old GERMAN TV channel, alternating each hour between German and English. (More below.) The current situation can be summed up this way: DW-TV provides mostly news, and is also good for people in your home who do not understand German. There is some soccer, but mostly highlights and summaries. The new ARD/ZDF talk shows (as of May 2007) are a great improvement. ProSiebenSat.1 Welt is primarily entertainment and sports. It offers movies in German, detective series, comedy, quiz shows, etc. The news (from N24) is limited. Soccer fans will also enjoy Pro7. The new EuroNews channel is what the name says: European news in several languages, including German. (But read about the EuroNews catch on the next page.) A SuperDish antenna (an oval dish larger than the standard round dish) is required for reception of the German and other foreign-language channels. On the next page youll find a more detailed overview of the three channels in the Dish Network German Package. NEXT Programming Comparisons Programming Comparisons DW-TVThe former GERMAN TV channel on Dish Network is now the DW-TV channel. Although Deutsche Welle broadcasts worldwide in many languages (radio and TV), the version in the USA is in German and English only. Unlike GERMAN TV, which had all its programming in German, DW-TV alternates between English and German. For one hour the news and other broadcasts are in German. In the next hour the programming is in English, and so on. DW-TV focuses primarily on news, weather, and cultural information. The news broadcast Journal provides the news sports, and weather from Berlin, alternately in German and English. The news (worldwide and from Germany/Europe) is primarily aimed at viewers outside of Germany, unlike the nightly news from ARD or ZDF. Non-news shows pop up occasionally, including euromaxx (fashion, art, cinema, music, other trends), Pop Export (music made in Germany), and a few others. Earlier DW-TV hinted at possibly providing some ARD or ZDF (German public TV networks) entertainm ent programs in the future, and in May 2007 they did indeed add several German talk shows from ARD and ZDF. WEB DW-TV - USA ProSiebenSat.1 Welt (Pro7)Pro7 began broadcasting its U.S. programming in February 2005. The German commercial television network ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG was part of the Kirch Media empire until Leo Kirch went bankrupt in 2002. The network was put up for sale, but as of early 2006, the final fate of Pro7 and all its divisions was still up in the air. For American viewers the ProSiebenSat.1 Welt channel is part of Dish Networks German package. Its programming is a mix of shows from Germanys Pro7, kabel eins, N24, and Sat.1 channels. Although it can be purchased separately, the Pro7 channel makes a good complement to news-oriented DW-TV by offering viewers more entertainment and sports. All-German Pro7 has a schedule that includes talk shows, detective series, comedy shows, movies, soap operas, and quiz shows. Pro7 also features some documentary/exposà © reporting and N24 news, but its emphasis is on entertainment programing that can range from inane low-brow to quality high-brow leve ls. Although it would be interesting for American viewers, the German versions of The Simpsons, Will Grace or Desperate Housewives seen in Germany are not available on the U.S. Pro7 channel. ProSieben has plans to also be available in Canada. WEB ProSiebenSat.1 Welt NEW! As of May 2007 the German Kino Plus movie channel is now a part of the DISH German Package! More... EuroNewsIn December 2006 Dish Network added the EuroNews network to its German channel line-up. EuroNews in German is now available as part of the German package (and some other language packages). However, there is a catch to getting this new channel. Although I have a SuperDish and currently receive the German-language package, a Dish representative told me that I would need a new satellite dish in order to receive the EuroNews channel, even though it is part of the package I already have! Because the EuroNews channels come from a different satellite, I would have to pay $99.00 to install a new dish in order to receive EuroNews in German. This is not at all clear from their Web site, and I think its ridiculous for Dish to supposedly add a channel to my package that I cant get without shelling out almost a hundred dollars. If youre lucky enough to live in the right spot with a dish pointed to the right satellite, you may be able to get EuroNews in German without major extra cost. WEB EuroNewsWEB Dish Network German Package

Essay Acid Base Extraction - 1511 Words

Acid Base Extraction The purpose of this laboratory assignment was two-fold, first, we were to demonstrate the extraction of acids and bases, finally, determining what unknowns were present. Second, we were to extract caffeine from tea. These two assignment will be documented in two separate entities. Introduction: Acid/base extraction involves carrying out simple acid/base reactions in order to separate strong organic acids, weak organic acids neutral organic compounds and basic organic substances. The procedure for this laboratory assignment are on the following pages. 3) Separation of Carboxylic Acid, a Phenol and a Neutral Substance nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The purpose of this acid/base extraction is to separate a mixture of†¦show more content†¦Add additional 5ml of water to funnel, shake as before Add 15 ml NaCl to funnel. Shakenbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bottom layer is white andnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;NaCl was added to the mixture and allow layers to separate gooey. wash the ether and draw off lower layer, which is layer and to remove discarded organic substances nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;NaOH and NaHCO3 Pour ether layer into 50ml Erlenmeyer flask from the top of the separatory funnel (not allowing any water droplets to be transferred) Flask 3 Add anhydrous NaSO4 to ether extractShow MoreRelatedAcid-Base Extraction: Benzoic Acid Two-Base Extraction1901 Words   |  8 PagesTWO-BASE EXTRACTION OF BENZOIC ACID, 2-NAPHTHOL, AND NAPHTHALENE FROM UNKNOWN SAMPLE # 131 Douglas G. Balmer (T.A. Mike Hall) Dr. Dailey Submitted 11 July 2007 Introduction: The purpose of this experiment was to separate a sample of benzoic acid, 2- naphthol, and naphthalene of unknown proportions using a two-base extraction method. The three components of the mixture will react differently to sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide because each of the bases’ conjugate acids has a differentRead MoreThe Effect Of Acid Base Extraction On Organic Compounds982 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction Acid-base extraction is a very useful technique in organic chemistry. It is used to separate organic compounds from each other. The idea is that most of organic compounds will be more soluble in organic solvents than they are in water (1). The extraction, in its most basic form, will result in unequal distribution of solute between two immiscible (not forming one mixture when added together) solvents (2). Since both of the solvents are immiscible, two separate layersRead MoreThe Effect Of Ph Solution Of Feed Phase On The Removal Efficiency Of Citric Acid1526 Words   |  7 Pages Figure. 7. Effect of pH solution of feed phase on the removal efficiency of citric acid Transport conditions: Feed phase: citric acid 10-2 M, pH 2-12. Stripping phase: deionized water, pH=6.8. Membrane: 12.60 cm2 of surface area, Calix[4]resorcinarene (0.15 g/g mixture of polymers), 0.03 ml 2-NPOE/g mixture of polymers. Values obtained after 5 days of experimentation. 3.8 Stability of PIMs In this study, one PIM was reused, whereas the feed and strip phases were replaced after one cycleRead MoreSeparation of Acid, Base and Neutral Compounds from a Solid Mixture by Liquid-Liquid Extraction1558 Words   |  7 PagesExperiment #1: Separation of Acid, Base, and Neutral Compounds from a Solid Mixture by Liquid-Liquid Extraction Introduction Liquid-liquid extraction is a technique used to separate chemical substances in order to purify or identify the various components of a mixture. Flavors, spices, perfumes, and medicines are just some of the everyday things that are extracted from plants and other natural sources [1]. The basic principle used to carry out this separation is the mixing of two liquids that areRead MoreOrganic Chem Essay example934 Words   |  4 PagesOrganic Lab I No. 5-6 Separation of a Carboxylic Acid, a Phenol, and a Neutral Substance (Two-week lab) Reading Assignment 1) Chapter 7 †¢ Introduction: P. 135- first paragraph †¢ Theory and Techniques (p142-145) o Properties of Extraction Solvents o Mixing and Separating the Layers o Drying Agents o Part 1: The Technique of Neutral Liquid/Liquid Extraction The description is for dichloromethane-aqueousRead MoreOur Experiment to Separate a Mixture of Organic Compounds Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pagesaccomplish the task? What techniques were used to purify and identify the product(s) of the reaction? In this experiment, an acid-base extraction was done to separate a mixture of an unknown acid and fluorene, a neutral compound. The possible unknown acids were 2-chlorobenzoic acid, 3-chlorobenzoic acid, and 3-methylbenzoic acid. The purification of the isolated unknown acid was performed by recrystallization and its identity was established by analyzing the melting point range of the pure productRead MoreUsing The Solid Liquid And Liquid Extraction Techniques For Extract A Strong Acid1613 Words   |  7 Pages Extraction Aleigha Spaulding Joseph Osazee 10-6-15 Abstract: This report presents the percentage recoveries found when using the solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction techniques to extract a strong acid, weak acid, base, and neutral compound from a mixture. During the solid-liquid section of the experiment, 0.5 M NaHCO , 0.5 M NaOH, 0.5 M HCl, and distilled water are used to dissolve and separate the acid, phenol, and amine solutions from the mixture, leaving the neutralRead MoreMethods Of A Solvent System For Extraction1652 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Extraction is a technique that is commonly used to separate mixtures, despite whether the components are solids or liquids. One of the most well-known examples of extraction is the brewing of tea or the making of coffee. Every pot of coffee or cup of tea involves solid-liquid extraction. The soluble flavor and caffeine are extracted from the solid tea leaves or ground coffee beans into hot water (the solvent). Insoluble plant material is left behind in the tea bag or coffee filterRead MoreDetermination Of Solubility Of Polar Solutes1074 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction In the extraction of certain compounds, solubility plays an important factor in how the procedure is performed. The identification of which solvent is best for the substance is crucial. The relation of polarity between the solute and solvent is determined at a molecular level. The relationship between the solvent and solute needed shared similar characteristics. Polar solutes are dissolved in polar solvents while nonpolar solutes are dissolved in nonpolar solvents. From a chemicalRead MoreGenetic Engineering Of People : How Dna Is Located, Extracted And Amplified1055 Words   |  5 Pagesvery beginning of where life is formed. DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic finger print that is found in every living organism. The initial discovery of DNA was first identified in the late 1860’s by a Swiss Chemist named Friedrich Miescher (Pray, 2008). However, close to one hundred years later, American biologist James Watson and English physicist Francis Crick discovered that D NA molecules exist (Pray, 2008). DNA extraction from human cells begins when they are located in the sperm of

International Marketing & Digital Media

Question: Write the report on "Revital capsule" product, product company name is "Ranbaxy". Answer: Introduction A business faces serious challenges due to multiple opportunities faced by globalization. To sustain the competitive business environment pharmaceutical companies are changing their marketing strategies (Singh Mishra, 2016). Changes related to product marketing are the highly complex phenomenon. Marketing is an exchange process for meeting the needs and wants (Turnbull Valla, 2013). A pharmaceutical company must properly understand the market environment before developing and implementing the marketing strategies (Srivastava Bhatnagar, 2012). The processes in a huge company are complex and are the primary reason for marketing challenges. According to Wedel Kamakura, (2012) Marketing is not about providing products or services it is essentially about providing changing benefits to the changing needs and demands of the customer. However, marketing goods in the foreign market give rise to several hurdles, therefore; a proper scrutiny of a cultural, legal and political environment is required to assess the results of international marketing strategies (Kanthe, 2012). The communication system has changed a lot with the development of internet and digital media marketing. It increases awareness related to market segment and helps in adding extra revenues to the business (Kalotra, 2014). Ranbaxy Lab. Ltd. is a multinational pharmaceutical company established in India in 1961 and it entered in Australia in 2005 (Damodaran, 2008). It manufactures pharmaceutical products such as antacid, anti-asthma, anti-cholesterol, anti-anxiety, anti-diabetic, anti-migraine, anti-cholesterol, anti-hypertensive, anti-thrombotic, anti-dementia, anti-viral and other products related to osteoporosis (Chowdhry, 2015). This report deals with marketing campaign design of "Revital capsule" a product manufactured by Ranbaxy in the target market Australia. The aim of this report is to develop a marketing strategy and comprehensive marketing campaign for launching Revival in Australia. Objective and Strategies The objective is to design a marketing strategy and marketing campaign for launching Revital capsule a product manufactured by Ranbaxy in the target market Australia. This objective is the result of CEOs demand to expand Ranbaxys marketing and diversification strategy. The aim of this report is to understand the principles of marketing and the forces that affect marketing. It intends to understand the international marketing environment (political, legal, ecological and cultural disparities). The learning outcome of this report includes concept about international market research, market segmentation, a positioning of product and services and international supply chain management. Product and its innovativeness Product innovation is the primary source for growth of business (Belleflamme Peitz, 2015). Revital, which is a combination of minerals, ginseng, vitamins (A - E) and other trace elements, is a food energy supplement. It intends to provide the users with physical mental lifestyle (De Mooij, 2013). This product can be consumed by both female and male those who are above the age of 15 years (Dehejia, 2014). This product is sugar-free, and hence, it is well suited for diabetics. The concept of this adult health supplement is positive health (Kalotra, 2014). As the daily diet of an individual lacks all the essential nutrients for being healthy, active and fit, Ranbaxy claims that Revital fills this nutrition gap. The consumers are initially not aware of the significance of this product. Therefore, it is necessary to draw the attention towards the key benefits of this adult health supplement (Has et al., 2011). Influence of international marketing environment on the marketing strategy Marketing strategies are greatly influenced by external and internal factors. These are economic, political; legal and social factors. Knowing these factors will better help develop the marketing strategy. Australia has product liability regulation by its statutory framework that regulates the safety of the product. It has standards to prevent the marketing of harmful products (Monczka et al., 2015). Product enforcement includes the role of state and territory government fair trading offices to assist the consumers. Australia has privacy laws, which regulates when and how business communicates and collects personal information (Moir Palombi, 2013). Specific requirements are to be fulfilled for collection and management of medical records. Australia has strict consumer laws, which regulates product safety laws, unsolicited agreements with the consumer, guarantees consumer rights, monitors unfair contract terms and penalize if any. The marketing strategy will be planned keeping in mind the above policies of the target country. Public attitude towards their health and hygiene is an important parameter in the product launch. People who are highly health conscious are more likely to be influenced by the advertisements. Additionally, human resource is the other major factor. If the work force is well trained and motivated than it can better deliver the market leading customer services and productivity hence creating competitive marketing advantage. Additionally, Australia has marketing oriented culture which enables to find various methods to satisfy consumer needs (Has et al., 2011). Australia is highest among the OECD countries in terms of per capita income and spending levels, which is a positive factor for product launch (Rice Atkin, 2012). Marketing strategies are impacted by business dynamics of the target nation. Cash flow, profitability and liquidity greatly affect the scope of marketing activities. However, Australia being globally free nation helps in ease of doing business. The positively influencing factor is its healthy banking system. However, it has high wage rate system that damages the competitiveness. On the other hand, the economic growth is on boost due to fall of lending rates. Moreover, Australia is increasing its investment on public infrastructure and is also a global leader in IT business (LPO, 2012). Keeping the above key points in mind the marketing strategy will change accordingly. Market research Market research prior to launching a product requires analysis of target market in details and that of competitors to get a direction for the business (Turnbull Valla, 2013). Analysis of market includes proper organization of information in various formats and from different sources after defining the research objective. Extensive research will include understanding of key demographics of Australia. It includes understanding the physicians and doctors in both urban and rural areas. It will help to augment insights and foray customer needs. It will help to know the economic stability of the selected region (Singh Mishra, 2016). SWOT analysis is essential to perform to evaluate our own strength and weakness in relation to the competitors. Competitors analysis include knowing their profile, weakness and strength. Market research is essential for consumer segmentation, and for feature prioritization (Rice Atkin, 2012). Market research will include both qualitative and quantitative analysis. In qualitative analysis, less number of respondents will be included for in-depth interviews and is more investigative than quantitative analysis. Quantitative information on the other hand helps in reaching conclusion as large number of participants is used. Quantitative analysis includes surveys and questionnaires with close-ended questions. Data collection method may be by mailed questionnaires, telephone polling, survey conducted online or by personal interviews (Potter, 2012). The research findings will be interpreted by grouping the data and organizing efficiently into tables, charts, mind-maps and spreadsheets. These data will be reviewed thoroughly to make sure there are no gaps. It will better help in identifying the major trends and uncover other aspects. Finally, a decision related to marketing mix will be taken that will align with the primary research aim. Product details Revital, which is a combination of minerals, ginseng, vitamins (A - E) and other trace elements, is a food energy supplement. It intends to provide the users with physical mental lifestyle (De Mooij, 2013). This product meets the daily nutrient requirement of an individual and one capsule per day is sufficient dosage. One can extend its consumption for 2-3 months at the stretch. The presence of ginseng and vitamins in Revital, help increase the oxygen utilization in the body to a standard level. It helps feel active all day and is recognized to increase the strength of the body. It is beneficial as it increases the physical work capacity. It helps to overcome stress and fatigue by improving endurance, compatibility, concentration and tolerance. Market segmentation and justification The target segments are mainly professionals having long working hours. The listed segments are: Pregnant women segment Diabetic segment Sport segment Women segment above 15 years of age Women segment below 15 years of age Men segment above 15 years of age Men segment below 15 years of age The demographics for the market segmentation will include the individual of age range 20-35 years, with young family life cycle and are working professionals with income more than $ 500 per month. The geographic factor in the market segmentation is Urban. The behavioral aspects include health benefits. Market segmentation is also based on Psychographic factors in which social class includes middle class, striver lifestyle and an ambitious personality. The charts below show the profile of new segment. Geographic Psychographic Behavioral Demographic Country Australia City- Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, Darwin, Gold Coast, Newcastle Climate- Southern and Northern Density- Urban The lifestyle of users- Survivors, strivers, and achievers. Personality traits- ambitious, compulsive Social class- middle and lower class, working class Rate of use- Medium, late and heavy user Benefit- health Occasion- Regular Product attitude- positive and enthusiastic Population- both male and female Family size- 1-2, 2-3 or more Family cycle- single, married, married with and without child and young, adults Women- above 14 years age Occupation- professionals Educational qualification- graduates or in grade school Race- Indigenous and non-indigenous Target market and reason for its selection The selected segments are mainly working professionals: women segment above 15 years of age diabetic patient segment Sport segment The target segment for this product includes "sports person". According to the advertisement strategy in India, the Revital endorsed by sports person M. S. Dhoni and actor Salman Khan has generated huge impact and increased the consumer demand. The message given by working professionals is that it is healthy if consumed daily especially for those working for longer duration and it add refreshment. As sports person have a tough and hard working life having Revital is a good energy source (Kanthe, 2012). The diabetic patient segment is analyzed before entry into the market, and the result shows that the year 2010 has 4-5 million of diabetics reported in Australia and is estimated to increase to 8 million by the year 2025. Every day around 270 Australians is found to develop Diabetes (Mowla et al., 2014). The growth of the diabetic patient segment is as follows: In the main cities- the diabetes growth per year is 13.7%, in indigenous population the growth rate is 12.5% whereas in non-indigenous population it is 3.4%. In inner regional areas, it is 4.5% (Has et al., 2011). The diabetic segment is chosen because product such as Revital is not already present for energy purpose (Taneja, 2013). Revital is proven safe for the diabetics and can be consumed along with their regular medicines. Being a new emerging market and since the diabetic population is increasing per day, it is justified to consider this segment. In women segment, the age above 15 years is considered safe for use (Kanthe, 2012). Moreover, they are health conscious and are fewer competitors in this segment. In the men segment, for those having tough and hard working life Revital as an energy supplement is safe and taking one or two tablets per day is enough to increase the sales volume (Kapferer, 2012). Marketing strategy in the target market The first and the foremost thing in launching the product is to position the product in manner that will stimulate the early adopters in the market. This process should be strategically planned for successful launch of product in new market. According to Potter, (2012) process should start with describing the benefits and usefulness of the product to the customers for at least 1 year. It needs to be explained as to how it differs from the competitors products in the market. Simultaneously, taking customer feedback and expectation vigilantly is essential. The next step is brand development- creating an appeal for the product is the primary objective of any marketing strategy. Rapid programs to enhance the brand name by line slogan or messages that attract consumers like "Do more achieve more", "live life to the fullest, "stay young in mind and body" would be used in an advertisement of these products. The next phase of product launch is strategic online marketing- This process is easy with the help of Twitter and Facebook pages. Additionally, Guerrilla marketing and viral videos and link spreading and search engine optimization more popular these days will be used to increase the product awareness. Marketing can be improved by influential keywords that can be easily searched online to improve the content (Chowdhry, 2015). The third phase of marketing strategies includes execution of online marketing for future. The aim is to have different and unique activities of digital PR for Ranbaxy and Revital to attract more people. Advertising will be increased after the launch of product for more enhancement and presence of the product. It will include the Yahoo, Bing ads, Google AdWords and other products. Positioning of product and services The positioning of a product will be mainly on sports and men segments, diabetic segment and women segment. All these segments are highly exposed to media. In general women and other sportsperson do love to watch TV and advertisements appear in any commercial event may be sport or any other. Therefore, in these advertisements if a product is endorsed by the actor or favorite sports stars it is eye-catching for all the viewers. This process intends to stimulate the early adopters in the market. Moreover sportsperson are always inspiring to others hence incorporating them will give an added advantage. Being a new emerging market and since the diabetic population is increasing per day, it is justified to consider this segment. Use of blogs in internet will improve the strategic positioning of Ranbaxy in Australia while promoting Revital and related services categorically and defining the benefits, credentials and leadership qualities in the current competitive marketplace. The partnering program and digital PR will support the online presence. It will further encourage the communications, traffic and networking as well to build a strong online reputation of Ranbaxy. Use of viral videos in B2C and B2B marketing product is an important technique to increase the awareness of product. On the other hand, the use of SEO will dynamically increase the effect of social media, blog and digital media marketing activities (Gonzlez-Benito et al., 2012). Product strategy The three core elements of product strategy are distribution, promotion and customer support. Distribution is reaching the important influencers and making the product available making sure that they have sizable online presence. It targets people who are interested and eager about the offerings of Ranbaxy. Promotion includes use of social media and online marketing, campaigns etc. Ranbaxy has planned to create the mass appeal of Revital capsule by catchy advertisement and promotional campaigns done by famous personality in Australia. This will ensure more visibility and awareness of the new product in the market of Australia. Customer support is getting the partners involved by spreading the news about the release or launch of the product by crowd based campaigns. Such campaigns will include contests and events to maintain public interests by briefing and speaking with media analysts and also increase the relevance and presence of product in market for long term (De Mooij, 2013). Branding strategy and justification Ranbaxy has done careful planning for developing Revital capsule as a top brand name in Australia. The core marketing strategy is to create an appeal for the product in the target market and make the product a success for Ranbaxy in term of high sales in Australia. They are doing an extensive market research in Australia to understand the insight of consumers and physicians and evaluate the acceptance level of the product. They propose to execute a switch strategy in which they will analyze how the drug gives a solution to consumers problem, how doctors give authority for the brand by including it in their prescription list. They also plan to evaluate the accessibility of the product in sample population and taking feedbacks regarding its prediction for purchase rate (Kapferer, 2012). Successful promotional activity is the key to the successful launch of Revital in the target markets. This strategy is built to increase the number of new users, which will automatically boost the sale of Revital capsules (Belleflamme Peitz, 2015). Once the consumer is convinced that the product will give them mental and physical vitality, it will develop positive health concept for the product in the market. They have plans for expanding the distribution of goods by involving both pharmacist and other distributors for better availability of the product in chemist outlets (Kauppinenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Risnen, 2014). Packaging and influences Regarding packaging, a major focus will be on attractive labeling of the product, great detail in packaging leaflet to help partially sighted patient and better presentation of products. They plan to give a distinct catchy logo and packing design to Ranbaxy capsule. They intend to look into all aspects of packaging. This includes packaging material that will protect the product from environmental factors. They want to ensure the physical and chemical stability of the product despite the climate of the country for market and protect it from damage during distribution and storage of products. In term of labeling strategy there plan is to provide all necessary information of Revital capsule regarding the strength of the product, instructions for safe use, detail on safe preparation and storage of medicine and ways of disposal of the product (Baertschi et al., 2013). The aim is to specify accurate dose of the product according to age. To counter cross-border illegal trading of Revital capsule, they want to maintain supply chain integrity by specific features like holograms, microdot patterns, and Radiofrequency identification (RFID) technology. The logo of the product should be such that it has a minimum chance of being copied or counterfeited. They have a specific plan for color and design for the logo. The logo should be such that it stands out and easily recognized in the market space (Oghazi, 2014). Issues related to product testing To test the new product in the new market, it is necessary to analyze the cost and risk of Revital capsule failure against the profit and chance of success. To test the product, the plan is to implement preemptive launch in Australia. The first step is getting the approval of product from FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in Australia. FDA ensures that drugs marketed in the country are safe and effective. Then they may go for testing of the new product to a local clinic and convince local doctors to prescribe the medicine to patients. In the initial phase of clinical trial, they will distribute the product in a limited area and take feedbacks related to the benefits of taking the medicine. The clinical trial study takes times, and this report is again reviewed by FDA. In these experiments, drugs are used in human subjects to check the effectiveness and side effects of medicine (Dehejia, 2014). The major aspect is to convince physicians and pharmacist of the value of the product. Onc e final approval is given, the purpose of test marketing is served. Then the product can directly launch in Australia. Before going for test marketing, one must ensure that their product has all the features that consumers want, and the consumer will pay the price for the product. The market testing could be done by organizing event at the local clinic or local places in Australia (OConnor et al., 2016). The issue faced in test marketing is that many are reluctant to try the new product initially. So Ranbaxy must have the effective strategy to convince each person and organization so that they get ready for initial product testing. The second problem is that many consumers take the product but they do not give honest feedback, or they do not give feedback at all. For this purpose, it is necessary that Ranbaxy explain the purpose of testing via visual presentation or motivation speech (Kalotra, 2014). Once they realize the importance of the testing program, effective feedback can be garnered. There might be criticism coming in for the product. In this case, it is necessary to take the criticism constructively and accordingly measure which feedback is useful. Based on that analysis, one can take ideas to change or improve their product (Mascia et al., 2013). Pricing strategies, policies and justification Ranbaxy could use a wide variety of strategy to the launch Revital capsule in Australia. One can analyze a cost-plus method for determining pricing rates. It involves calculating production cost and other promotional costs of products and then adding a percentage to their unit cost to get desired profit (Kapferer, 2012). Some Companies want a return on investment in mind. But before setting a price for the new product, it is necessary to study the market and competition of product from other brands or drugs. One pricing policy that can be used for the new product is penetration pricing. This involves setting lower price initially to attract new customers. In this case, the Company assumes that consumers will switch to the new brand because of the low price. Ranbaxy could also go for price skimming in which they will charge high price from customers initially, but the price will be lowered once the customer is satisfied with the product. The decision to choose either of the two strate gies will depend on different factors (Danzon et al., 2015). Penetration pricing gives the company advantage of faster diffusion of product in the target market. It creates a good impression on initial users and discourages entry of other competitors due to the low price (Rice Atkin, 2012). Skimming strategy will work for Ranbaxy only when they can ensure that their product is of a rare variety and not commonly available. To allow high price they could go for legal protection of Revital capsule so that any duplicate product is not available. For effective pricing in Australia, Ranbaxy will also have to file an application to Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee (PBAC) so that they can get their medicine subsidies under Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). PBAC may recommend lower pricing after evaluation and negotiation (Paris Belloni, 2013). Environmental influence affecting pricing decision The different environmental factors that will affect pricing decisions include currency fluctuation, pricing in the inflationary environment, Government subsidies, competitive behavior and price and quality relationship. Price fluctuation will depend on a currency of Australia. Ranbaxy could analyze the appreciation or depreciation value of currency in Australia to make pricing decisions. The final price of a product will depend on internal and external factors. Regarding internal factors, pricing decisions will depend on how quickly the product is manufactured by the Company. If the productivity is increased, it will reduce the cost per product, and this can give Ranbaxy the chance of lowering the price of the capsule. But increasing productivity is also a major challenge because it will require a lot of investment and significant changes ate manufacturing facility. Therefore, it will not translate into a lower price for some time (Paris Belloni, 2013) External factors are those factors, which cannot be controlled, but it will affect pricing decisions. To understand the influences of external factor, Ranbaxy will have to research the drugs market in Australia and analyze what is happening in the market. Return on investment, cash flow, and market share will have an effect on pricing decisions (Hair et al., 2015). To capture Australian market, Ranbaxy will have to keep the price low initially and increase the price after the acceptance of Revital Capsule in Australia. It will also help Ranbaxy to retain their market share in Australia. The Company might be influenced by competition from other similar products in terms of quality, durability, and service. Ranbaxys pricing decision will depend on market and demand, cost and offering from other competitors. Any company has to be very clear about price and demand relationship before setting a price for their product. They will also have to check the change in the price of other competitors and take steps accordingly. Ranbaxy will also have to consider the economic position, rules and regulation of Australia before making pricing decisions (Bowie Buttle, 2013). Product Distribution/Supply chain management Ranbaxy will have to rely on agent and distributors of Australia to represent its product Revital capsule in the Australian market. They will have to keep track of materials and information as the product moves from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer (Singh Mishra, 2016). So Ranbaxy will have to confirm specific role and responsibilities of agents in Australia. Agent will act as a representative of their product. The distributors will supply the goods to local end users. They will be responsible for the marketing of Ranbaxy's Revital capsule, carrying inventory, extending credit to customers. Distributors are paid higher fees so Ranbaxy will have to absorb the distributors margin in their product pricing so that overall price is not too high for consumers (Ross, 2013). Business will be easier if there is a high level of trust and good working relationship with the distributors (Srivastava Bhatnagar, 2012). Selecting a potential range of distributors in the pharmaceutical industry will be crucial for Ranbaxy's business. They may assist them in getting trade reference in Australia's clinics and chemist store. Good communication is also necessary for distributing products. Confirmation of discussion by emails and meeting directly or by telephonic or Skype interaction will reduce misunderstanding in the supply chain. Since Ranbaxy will be relying on knowledge and contacts of agent and distributors in Australia maintain a healthy relationship with them is very much important (Monczka et al., 2015). A good representative will assist in creating a marketing plan for Ranbaxy's product in Australia. Ranbaxy will have to do write legal agreement with agents and must seek advice from Australian legal authority with contract experience to before signing any a greement. The agreement discussion may be related to the product range, the supply of samples, the area covered, term of payment and ownership of trademarks (Wisner et al., 2015). Promotional strategies The different promotional strategies are as follows- Advertising: Ranbaxy may go for direct to consumer advertisement after segmentation study and defining communication target. The purpose of advertising is that Ranbaxy wants to change patients and doctors attitude towards the product after advertising campaigns. Ranbaxy may try hard to persuade doctors to prescribe their brands over other generics (Turnbull Valla, 2013). Public relation: Ranbaxy's plan is to create the positive relationship with health organization, chemist, media, and public. The purpose of this is to obtain favourable publicity of product within media and people (Wisner Leong, 2015). Sales promotion: Sales promotion could be done by giving special offers and coupons with the product. Companies get involved in sales promotion to increase their sales in a short period (Wang Anirban, 2016). Personal selling and direct mail: It involves selling product directly to a firm and sending positive product related information to a particular person in the organization (Singh Mishra, 2016). This approach is helpful for companies as it gives them a chance to manage their resources effectively within a target segment. This kind of personal advertising gets improved response and sales rate (Sashi, 2012). Justification for marketing campaign design The above campaign design is chosen as it has the potential to deliver the message about product's uniqueness and appeal very quickly. Advertising is the quickest media to market the product in a large mass. All the above marketing campaigns will utilize new technology and social media platform to advertise a product of Ranbaxy. This campaign design has more chance of creating a mass appeal and reaching the large target group (Potter, 2012). These promotional campaigns will help Ranbaxy get a competitive advantage. A competitive advantage could be maintained by cost leadership, differentiation and focus. Cost leadership will be attained when Ranbaxy can give a better price than its competitors. Differentiation strategy can be utilized by Ranbaxy in which they will give the perception to customers that their product is unique in the industry. Focus means creating a niche for the product in a target market. The competitive advantage is achieved when Ranbaxy can understand the dynamic of customer needs in the target market (Rice Atkin, 2012). Creating appeal for the product will help in achieving selling proposition (Kanthe, 2012). To achieve this Ranbaxy can ensure that its product Revital capsule has the capability to cater to needs of customers. If Ranbaxy offers unique trait in its product, then will be a standout in the crowded marketplace with competitors (Wang Anirban, 2016). Ranbaxy will have to take effective media decisions. They should be sure about what message they will put across target audience, how it will be delivered, use of branding, deciding about catchy logos or slogans in advertising and areas where they will be promoted. Culture and values of Australia will also have to consider for marketing decisions. If Company has a grasp of locality, marketing process will become easier. Ranbaxy could use symbols of the culture of Australia such as Opera House in their advertising (Atkin Freimuth, 2013). Corporate social responsibility The promotional campaign should exhibit principles of corporate social responsibility. Ranbaxy focus is on enhancing transparency, customer's empowerment, and purpose. A company can show corporate social responsibility by two objective-obtaining profits for the business as well as society. The purpose is to promote active and good health by their product Revital'. They want it to be accessible to the local community and society of Australia. The key is to take creative solutions for social and business challenges. CSR activities promote business and a cause for the community too. CSR initiative plan for Ranbaxy includes better staffing, minimisation of waste and resource, focus on health and safety issues (Duckett, Breadon, 2013). It helps also help Ranbaxy to increase their brand awareness and build the reputation. They should understand customers and match those findings with CSR activity for successful marketing strategy (Vitell, 2015). Evaluation of success of marketing campaign Once the plan is prepared, it is necessary to estimate the success of marketing campaign. This can be measured by analyzing if the product becomes available to the customer in a direct manner or by other parties. But since Ranbaxy plan promotional campaign is based on a role of agents and advertisement, they can evaluate their way of convincing each channel. One can measure the marketing metrics to see if the purpose of a marketing campaign is achieved or not. Ranbaxy plan is to measure this by collecting feedback from those people who first came into contact with the product and all the way to actual customers. It can help in tracking which customers were lost and for what reason. This evaluation will assist in heightened brand visibility and increased market share in the future (Solomon, 2014). Conclusion OTC products can be successful once they meet the demands, efficacy wants, and needs of the customer. The product moves smoothly once a clear marketing strategy is applied and implementing proper communication method that is large scale advertising and other promotional strategies to establish the strong retail relationship, to create the brand among customers and widespread distribution of products. The important factor is that the communication system should be able to create a long-term impression. The other factor is the correct time of market entry in addition to the provision of the efficient, safe and user-friendly product that the consumer wants, gaining competitive advantage and markets, making brand name recognizable, Proper communication of benefits of the products and sustaining purchase of the OTC products. The assignment has helped in gaining adequate knowledge and concepts related to international marketing and related major ideas, concepts and principles. 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(2014).Consumer behavior: buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Srivastava, S., Bhatnagar, A. (2012). Emerging trends in over-the-counter (OTC) dietary supplements in India.Asia Pacific Journal of Research in Business Management,3(5and8), 68-83. Taneja, Y. (2013). Impact of packaging appearance of pharmaceutical products on customers.ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal,3(4), 227-243. TO, P. P. A. A. P. (2012). Innovation and cooperation at its best.AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACY,93. Turnbull, P. W., Valla, J. P. (Eds.). (2013).Strategies for international industrial marketing. Routledge. Vitell, S. J. (2015). A case for consumer social responsibility (CnSR): Including a selected review of consumer ethics/social responsibility research.Journal of Business Ethics,130(4), 767-774. Wang, T., Anirban, M. (2016). How Consumers Respond to Cute Products: creating counsmer appeal.The Psychology of Design. Wedel, M., Kamakura, W. A. (2012).Market segmentation: Conceptual and methodological foundations(Vol. 8). Springer Science Business Media. Wisner, J., Tan, K. C., Leong, G. (2015).Principles of supply chain management: a balanced approach. Cengage Learning.Management

Ordinary People By Judith Guest Essays - Lake Forest, Illinois

Ordinary People By Judith Guest Ordinary People by Judith Guest is the story of a family having psychological problems, which relate to one another through superficial behaviors. They distort reality and hide their true emotions to reduce or prevent anxiety. The book opens with seventeen year old Conrad, son of upper middle-class Beth and Calvin Jarrett, comes home after eight months in a psychiatric hospital, because he had attempted suicide by slashing his wrists. His mother is a meticulously orderly person who despises him. She does all the right things; attending to Jared's physical needs, keeping a spotless home, plays golf and bridge with other women in her social circle but in her own words "is an emotional cripple". Jared's father, raised in an orphanage, seems anxious to please everyone. Though a successful tax attorney, he is jumpy around Conrad and according to his wife, drinks too many martinis. Conrad seems consumed with despair. Chalk-faced, hair-hacked Conrad seems bent on preserving the family myth that all is well in the world. His family, after all, "are people of good taste. They do not discuss a problem in the face of the problem." Yet, there is not one problem in this family but two Conrad's suicide and the death by drowning of Conrad's older brother, Buck. Conrad eventually contacts a psychiatrist, Dr. Berger, because he feels the "air is full of flying glass" and wants to feel in control. Their initial sessions together frustrate the psychiatrist because of Conrad's inability to express his feelings. Conrad's slow but steady journey towards healing seems the result of catharsis which remove guilt feelings regarding his brother's death and his family's denial of that death, plus the "love of a good woman." There is no doubt that Conrad is consumed with guilt, this guilt gives him feelings of low self-esteem. Survivors of horrible tragedies, such as the Holocaust, frequently express similar feelings of worthlessness.

Free Essays on The Second Coming Vs. Things Fall Apart

In 1919 William Butler Yeats published a poem called â€Å"The Second Coming.† Forty Years later, Chinua Achebe took the third line from that poem for the title of his book Things Fall Apart. Both pieces of literature deal with the beginning and the end of a civilization. Both show that change is inevitable and the nature of change can be chaotic and destructive. Yeats' poem "The Second Coming," depicts the approach of a new world order and demonstrates the concept that change is inevitable. â€Å"The Second Coming† also taps into the concept of the gyre. The gyre is the idea that history occurs in cycles, specifically cycles "twenty centuries" in length (ln. 19). In this poem, Yeats predicts that the Christian era will soon give way apocalyptically to an era ruled by a desert beast with a â€Å"lion body and the head of a man† (ln. 14). Yeats describes the beast's eyes as "pitiless as the sun" (ln. 15), and it is followed not by the falcon, but by "shadows of desert birds," which are probably vultures. And no self-respecting vulture would soar around a titanic beast simply because of its symbolic significance; vultures go where there is food. This beast is not only pitiless, but it leaves carnage behind, which leaves the reader to believe that this beast is not very friendly at all. Yeats felt that because of World War 1, Eur ope was left in complete chaos, and total anarchy was released upon the world. Yeats is trying to tell the reader that the society that was left in the wake of the war is already beginning to fall apart, and The Second Coming will occur. The Second Coming refers to the promised return of Christ on Doomsday; however, Doomsday is instead marked by the appearance of the terrifying beast. Things Fall Apart was published in 1958 during the Nigerian renaissance, and it’s theme also deals with the notion that change is unavoidable. It is the story of an Ibo village of the late 1800's and one of its great men, Okonkwo... Free Essays on The Second Coming Vs. Things Fall Apart Free Essays on The Second Coming Vs. Things Fall Apart In 1919 William Butler Yeats published a poem called â€Å"The Second Coming.† Forty Years later, Chinua Achebe took the third line from that poem for the title of his book Things Fall Apart. Both pieces of literature deal with the beginning and the end of a civilization. Both show that change is inevitable and the nature of change can be chaotic and destructive. Yeats' poem "The Second Coming," depicts the approach of a new world order and demonstrates the concept that change is inevitable. â€Å"The Second Coming† also taps into the concept of the gyre. The gyre is the idea that history occurs in cycles, specifically cycles "twenty centuries" in length (ln. 19). In this poem, Yeats predicts that the Christian era will soon give way apocalyptically to an era ruled by a desert beast with a â€Å"lion body and the head of a man† (ln. 14). Yeats describes the beast's eyes as "pitiless as the sun" (ln. 15), and it is followed not by the falcon, but by "shadows of desert birds," which are probably vultures. And no self-respecting vulture would soar around a titanic beast simply because of its symbolic significance; vultures go where there is food. This beast is not only pitiless, but it leaves carnage behind, which leaves the reader to believe that this beast is not very friendly at all. Yeats felt that because of World War 1, Eur ope was left in complete chaos, and total anarchy was released upon the world. Yeats is trying to tell the reader that the society that was left in the wake of the war is already beginning to fall apart, and The Second Coming will occur. The Second Coming refers to the promised return of Christ on Doomsday; however, Doomsday is instead marked by the appearance of the terrifying beast. Things Fall Apart was published in 1958 during the Nigerian renaissance, and it’s theme also deals with the notion that change is unavoidable. It is the story of an Ibo village of the late 1800's and one of its great men, Okonkwo...

Assignment 11 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

11 - Assignment Example This formal way of conducting business was adopted from the west as the Japanese were culturally a social group (Yukichi). Other people are seen to be walking into the restaurant, all dressed in similar fashion, long robes all trying to appear as though formal. There are people on the street all possessing the same artier and the same inferences can be drawn from the same. There are people who seem to be raising the flag. This shows that the Japanese are acquiring order and structure in their activities as raising the flag symbolizes the presence of a hierarchy which is adhered to. This too was gotten from the westerners who believed in order and conducting their affairs in a proper manner (Yukichi). This is in response to Fukuzawa Yukuchi’s urging to the Japanese people that they should pursue civilization and enlightenment i.e. western civilization. Together with other scholars, they advocated for the Japanese to mirror the westernized way of tasting, eating meat, wearing of western-style clothing and the dropping of Chinese customs that the westerners found odd. There are other people who seem to be soaring in the air. We garner an aspect of entertainment. The Japanese have finally let their guard down thanks to westernization because the Japanese are principally a reserved people (Yukichi). According to Lim Zexu, Queen Victoria should halt the opium trade because she has witnessed firsthand how the drug destroys its users and particularly in her own country. The letter to her says that Opium in her own country is prohibited because of the danger it poses to its users. Lim states that based on this reason alone, the Queen should not condone the trade in Opium, and should prescribe severe punishment to anyone who is found engaging in the said trade (Zexu). The Queen on stopping Opium trade will have the support of Heaven as it crown’s her with felicity, getting the blessing of long life and the security and stability of her descendants. Lim is

Communication and Patient Centered Care Reflection

Communication and Patient Centered Care Reflection INTRODUCTION The Healthcare Quality Strategy for NHS Scotland (Scottish Government 2010) was a further development from ‘Better Health, Better Care’ (Scottish Government 2007). In this reflective account I wish to concentrate on the peoples priorities for the people of Scotland outlined within this document, the ultimate aim is to provide the highest quality of care. It has as their objectives that care given should be consistent, person centered, clinically effective and safe and equitable with patients receiving clear communication with regards to conditions and treatment (Scottish Government 2010). Hubley and Copeman, (2008) state communication skills are paramount in healthcare to ensure that tailored advice is delivered effectively. This reflective account is based on an experience from my 3rd year management placement. Using Gibbs’s Reflective Model (1988) I aim to outline what occurred throughout the incident which involved providing clear communication and patient centered care and how this can be linked to the Quality Strategy in relation to the people’s priorities. This reflective model has been selected as it enables reflection on practice in a structured way allowing one to identify critical learning and development from their experience to enhance future practice (Bullman and Schutz, 2008). This scenario will consider how this incident will aid in my transition from student nurse to staff nurse. To comply with patients’ rights to confidentiality and in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), (2010) I will use the pseudonym Mrs Wade. DESCRIPTION This reflection involves a 78 year old lady Mrs Wade who was an inpatient on the ward for 10 days after being diagnosed as having a cerebral haemorrhage. This had left Mrs Wade with a left sided weakness and aphasic. It was during afternoon visiting and taking the routine observations I noted Mrs Wade to be scoring one on the National Early Warning Score chart (NEWS) due to reduced oxygen saturation levels of 95%. However, on comparing this with previous readings this was within the parameters of her levels taken over the previous days. . I had just moved on to the next patient when Mrs Wade’s son who was visiting asked me to come back as his mother was indicating that she had pain in her chest radiating to her left jaw. I immediately took another set of observations and Mrs Wade was now scoring 10 on the NEWS chart. I immediately went to seek guidance from my mentor who instructed me to show my findings to the doctor whilst she administered GTN spray. The doctor came and asse ssed Mrs Wade and instructed me to administer 5mg of morphine, 15 liters of oxygen and commence an initial 250ml bag of normal saline and if Mrs Wades BP had still not risen I was to continue with a second bag, whilst he arranged an ECG and chest X-ray. At this time my mentor advised me that I was to take control of the situation and she would assist me if I required help. FEELINGS My initial feeling was one of complete fear. However, I felt within seconds I regained my composure and I took control of the situation. I was relieved that training had indeed prepared me for a situation like this where I automatically began to use the ABCDE assessment (Jevon, 2010). I was also anxious but relieved in being able to communicate effectively with the doctor, my mentor, team members and Mrs Wades son. I felt I was able to handover clearly and concisely. I feel that I was able to do this as I had been dealing with Mrs Wade on each of my days on duty over the previous two weeks. EVALUATION The negative aspect from this incident is how a patient in one’s care can deteriorate so rapidly. However, in the case of Mrs Wade I repeatedly asked myself if I had missed some signs and this incident could have been avoided. The positive aspect of this incident was that Mrs Wade’s deterioration had been caught instantly. I had the opportunity to discuss this incident with my mentor. At this time she praised me on how I had taken control of the situation in a calm and professional manner. I was competent when communicating with team explaining the background to Mrs Wade’s condition thus aiding an effective result in Mrs Wades condition being stabilized. It was also reiterated that this was an unavoidable situation and there was nothing I could have done differently to alter the outcome. ANALYSIS The people’s priorities outlined by The Healthcare Quality Strategy for NHS Scotland (Scottish Government 2010) and in caring for Mrs Wade on reflection I wanted to be establishing if I covered all areas and were I could improve. The priorities are to be caring and compassionate, have clear communication skills and be able to explain conditions and treatment have effective collaboration between clinicians, patients and others; A clean and safe care environment; Continuity of care; and Clinical excellence. Jones (2012) advocates that it is essential in nursing to have good communication skills. This is also advocated by Dougherty and Lister (2008) who states that communication is an integral part of maintaining a high quality of record keeping which is regarded as a vital standard of practice by the NMC (2008). Communication and written care records aid to establish a continuity of care. As I found Mrs Wade to have deteriorated it is stated by Hill (2012) that the outcome for a deteriorating patient is dependent on the knowledge and skills of the person or persons who find and care for them and the recognition of the acutely ill. As I was the first responder and having called for help I used my mentor and other team members to assist myself in assessing and stabilizing Mrs Wades vital signs. At this time I also asked my colleague to ensure Mrs Wades son was taken to the day room and someone would come to speak with him as soon as possible. This is fundamental to patient centered-care to communicate openly and honestly with all concerned (Brooker and Nicol, 2008). I used ABCDE approach recommended by Jevons (2010) and The Resuscitation Council (2010). The ABCDE approach is a systematic tool were by you assess your patient and deal with the life threatening situations first. During this time I endeavored to reassure Mrs Wade at all times through effective communication skills (Scottish Government 2010, p6). Although Mrs Wade was aphasic her airways were patent and no obstruction was noted. Therefore it was acceptable to move on to B (breathing) within the ABCDE. Patients presenting with Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Pulmonary Embolism can show an increased respiratory rate. As Mrs Wade’s respiratory rate had increased and was desaturating she was commenced on high flow oxygen (O’Driscoll 2008). Mrs Wades heart rate 109 beats per minute and on palpating the radial pulse it was fast but strong and regular. Mrs Wade’s blood pressure had decreased to 89/56 therefore commenced on a 250ml bag of saline. Urine output was already being monitored and IV access was in place. The next stage is Disability. AVPU is a tool used to assess levels of consciousness within acutely ill patients (Jevon 2009b). This is a quick assessment tool within the NEWS and ABCDE approach; However, NICE 2007 recommend the use of the Glasgow Coma Scale to give a full assessment. At this stage my mentor checked blood glucose levels. Blood glucose levels can rise in acutely ill patients due to a result of sympathetic activation (Floras 2009). However at this stage they were within the normal range of 4-7mmol/L (Diabetes UK 2013). During this situation to communicate my findings I used a systematic approach based on situation, background, assessment and recommendation (SBAR) tool to share the necessary information effectively and concisely (Pope et al 2009). In the emergency situation with Mrs Wade this highlights the involvement of nurses in collaboration with other healthcare professionals and coordinate all resources to provided effective timely care. I feel that I took on the role as lead nurse in this situation I knew it was my responsibility as a student nurse in my final placement to show that I could take control of this situation, whilst in the knowledge knowing I still had my mentor if I felt I required assistance. I felt I had to show I could effectively delegate, show leadership qualities, prioritise the care of Mrs Wade whilst being able to communicate effectively in a challenging situation. CONCLUSION The outcome was positive in the aspect that a holistic approach to Mrs Wade’s condition was taken in accordance with The Scottish Government’s Initiative (2010) on patient centered care. I felt empowered by incorporating the use of the SBAR framework in effective collaboration with the multidisciplinary team aided clear communicating in accordance with The Scottish Government (2010). This resulted in a consistent continuity of care for Mrs Wade. ACTION PLAN A result of this significant event was that it gave me the experience of dealing with an emergency situation. As stated by Scheffer and Rubenfeld (2000) â€Å"Critical thinking in nursing is an essential component of professional accountability and quality nursing care. Critical thinkers in nursing exhibit these habits of the mind: confidence, contextual perspective, creativity, flexibility, inquisitiveness, intellectual integrity, intuition, open-mindedness, perseverance, and reflection. Critical thinkers in nursing practice the cognitive skills of analyzing, applying standards, discriminating, information seeking, logical reasoning, predicting, and transforming knowledge†. I was also given the opportunity afterwards to reflect on my role and the role each member of the team took in this situation and where appropriate to remove oneself from a situation I feel for future development I will take responsibility for my own learning in areas where I felt I lacked knowledge. In this situation I had assumed that Mrs Wade was having an MI were in fact it was a PE. I believe that in the future and with more experience I may be able to differentiate and although I would not expect to be an expert I would be better equipped to deal with similar situations in the future (RCN 2013). I was particularly anxious as I know I have no experience in Basic Life Support other than what I had learned at university and knowing this woman was for resuscitation I was anxious that this situation may occur. OVERALL CONCLUSION On reflection of my own experience and in using this to aid in my transition from student nurse to staff nurse I feel I have enhanced my own knowledge on basic life support outlined by the British Resuscitation Council UK (2010) cited by (Dougherty and Lister, 2011) whilst reiterating the importance of good communication skills. It also highlighted the importance of having the confidence to acknowledge one’s own lack of knowledge and be able to admit to this and where to seek guidance to ensure that the correct protocol is followed to ensure patient safety at all times and to provide continuity of care. I feel that the care given to this patient is in line with the initiative of The Scottish Government’s Healthcare Quality Strategy for Scotland (2010). In relation to how this incident reflects on my transition it shows that on graduating as a staff nurse I will immediately assume the role which includes leadership, delegation and supervision. Once NMC registered, a host of expectations are placed upon you. The RCN (2010) reported that newly qualified staff nurses feel unprepared and overwhelmed by their new responsibilities, making the period of transition very stressful rather than exciting and truly enjoyable. However, I hope to overcome these feelings by immersing myself in the knowledge that I will adhere to all policies and guideline by The Scottish Government (2010) to ensure the best possible care and service to all. References Hill Karen Critical to Care: Improving the Care to the Acutely Ill and Deteriorating Patient Karen Hill, Acuity Practice Development Matron Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust May 2010 – January 2011 February 2012 http://fons.org/library/report-details.aspx?nstid=18132 Jones, A 2012, The foundation of good nursing practice: effective communication,Journal Of Renal Nursing, 4, 1, pp. 37-41, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 27 July 2014. Scheffer BK1,Rubenfeld MG (2000) . A Consensus statement on critical thinking in nursing  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11103973

Homeopathy :: essays research papers

Samuel Hahnemann, a brilliant German medical doctor and chemist, developed the science of homeopathy at the end of the 18th century. He was responding, in part, to his concern that more people were dying from medical treatments than from their diseases. Hahnemann believed that the purpose of medical therapy should be to restore health quickly, gently and permanently in the least harmful manner without toxic side-affects or the suppression of symptoms which would only return. His work and principles have been carried on and developed by many dedicated homeopaths right to the present day. Homeopathy now rests on the firm foundation of Hahnemann's work and some 200 years of well-documented, successful healing experience. Hahnemann's guiding principles still apply today in the practice of classical homeopathy, but his criteria are otherwise rarely met despite all the improvements and advances in so-called modern medicine.The True Classical Homeopathic Approach to CureFundamental to classical homeopathy is the view that we are each a synergistic whole, every part of our wholistic being effecting every other part. It is the combination of all symptoms and how they are experienced by the individual which should be addressed in attempting to cure that person and their disorders. When someone has a health problem, it is the whole person that has the problem. The problem does not exist in isolation from the person. They can't simply put the problem in a box and forget it. Therefore, when attempting to cure that person it is the whole person that should be considered, not simply what is thought to be a disordered part of the person. This is the wholistic approach of classical homeopathy. This is in contrast to the conventional approach to disease which often oversimplifies it as one isolated symptom or group of symptoms, as a problem affecting only one part or aspect of the body and person. The "sloppy approach" to homeopathy is guilty of the same practice. Classical Homeopathy, by contrast, prescribes remedies on a constitutional basis, treating the entire individual, their symptoms and modalities. To arrive at the correctly chosen remedy for a chronic disorder, the detailed case of all aspects of the individual must be taken. The true classical homeopath delves into the broad collection of symptoms and peculiarities of the individual, their entire mental, emotional and physical make-up. This requires an in-depth sense of the patient, a keen sensitivity to them which is able to grasp their gestalt, that totality of the person and the matching remedies which transcends the mere sum of their parts.

A Complicated Kindness

â€Å"Fire and Rain† by James Taylor is a song mentioned in A Complicated Kindness that Nomi can relate to easily. James Taylor was born March, 12th 1948 in Boston, Massachusetts, although he was mainly raised in North Carolina. By age 14, Taylor was writing songs, singing, and had learned to play the guitar and cello. In 1966, he moved to New York City to form a band with some of his friends and by the end of the year they were performing regularly at cafes. Unfortunately, while in New York, Taylor lost himself in drug abuse for a time, but would later lead to the inspiration of some of his songs, including â€Å"Fire and Rain†. After he was back on track with his life, he recorded a few demos and had them sent to Paul McCartney, whose label signed Taylor immediately. A few weeks later, he fell back into his old habits of drug abuse, and was hospitalized in Massachusetts. After his recovery, in 1970, Taylor released his single â€Å"Fire and Rain† which was inspired by his experiences with drug abuse, depression, the suicide of his friend Suzanne, and the institutional psychiatric treatments he received. â€Å"James Taylor Biography†). While Travis is playing this song for Nomi, she is thinking about herself and her family. Nomi can relate this song to her life, because just like Taylor, she has lost loved ones, her mother, (who likely committed suicide like Taylor’s friend mentioned in the song) and her sister, abuses drugs, and has no faith in life. The song connects to both the themes of endings and loss which are present in the novel. The line, â€Å"I’ve seen sunny days that I thought would never end,† connects to the theme of endings, which Nomi has problems with due to the incomplete ending of her own life. The part about sunny days probably made Nomi recall all the good days and memories she has of when her family was whole. She even begins to cry in the novel, during this line. Nomi can relate, â€Å"But I always thought that I’d see you again,† to how she always thought that Tash and Trudie might come back to see her, which also ties into the theme of loss, because Nomi lost two of the most important people in her life. Another line that Nomi can connect to is, â€Å"You’ve just got to see me through another day,† which simply reflects on Nomi’s discontent with her life and the struggle she has just to get through each day. There are many poetic techniques incorporated into the song as well. Obviously, there is a lot of repetition due to the repeating chorus and the line â€Å"I’ve seen fire and I’ve seen rain. † This line is also a metaphor for the different emotions Taylor, and Nomi, have felt. Fire could be seen as anger, passion, or possibly rage while rain is probably referring to sadness and despair. There is also a lot of rhyming in the song such as â€Å"I’ve seen sunny days that I thought would never end/ I’ve seen lonely times when I could not find a friend,† and â€Å"You’ve just got to see me through another day/ And I won’t make it any other way,† as well as others, which makes the song flow more smoothly. The sound device of assonance is used in the line, â€Å"Sweet dreams and flying machines,† because sweet, dreams, and machines, (although machines is not neighbouring) all have similar vowel sounds. Works Cited â€Å"James Taylor Biography.† Bandbiographies.com. Retrieved 16 January 2013. http://www.bandbiographies.com/james_taylor/biography.htm